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【摘要】目的探討人工全髖置換與股骨頭置換治療老年股骨頸骨折的臨床效果。方法選擇收治的股骨頸骨折患者80例,按照隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為兩組,A組40例進(jìn)行股骨頭置換,B組40例進(jìn)行人工全髖置換,比較兩組患者圍術(shù)期相關(guān)情況,通過電話或者門診隨訪18個(gè)月,對(duì)比觀察兩組患者術(shù)后恢復(fù)情況及并發(fā)癥情況。結(jié)果A組手術(shù)時(shí)間短于B組(P<0.01),術(shù)中出血量少于B組(P<0.01),術(shù)后引流量少于B組(P<0.01)。A組發(fā)生假體脫位以及假體松動(dòng)的百分率顯著低于B組(P<0.01),術(shù)后關(guān)節(jié)疼痛率顯著高于B組(P<0.05),可起身后立即行走的百分率顯著低于B組(P<0.01)。結(jié)論股骨頭置換適用于高齡耐受性較差,對(duì)術(shù)后功能恢復(fù)要求不高者。
【關(guān)鍵詞】人工全髖置換;股骨頭置換;老年;股骨頸骨折
中圖分類號(hào):R687.3文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:ADOI:10.3969/j.issn.10031383.2015.03.017
Comparison of effects of artificial total hip replacement and femoral
head replacement for elderly patients with femoral neck fracture
LAI Yingjing,JIA Shiqing,LIU Changsheng,CHEN Tao,ZHANG Xiang
。╕ulin Orthopedics Hospital of Chinese and Western Medicine,Yulin 537000,Guangxi,China) 本文由WwW. zgazxxw.com提供,畢業(yè)論文 網(wǎng)專業(yè)代寫教育教學(xué)論文和畢業(yè)論文以及發(fā)表論文服務(wù),歡迎光臨zgazxxw.com
【Abstract】ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical effects of artificial total hip replacement and femoral head replacement for elderly patients with femoral neck fracture.Methods80 cases of femoral neck fracture admitted to hospital were divided into group A and group B according to random number table,with 40 cases in each group.The group A underwent femoral head replacement,and the group B underwent artificial total hip replacement.Then,related conditions in preoperative period were compared between groups.All patients were followed up by phone or outpatient for 18 months,and then postoperative recovery and complications of the two groups were compared.Results Operative time of the group A was shorter than that of the group B (P<0.01),amount of bleeding during operation was less than that of the group B (P<0.01).Postoperative drainage was less than that of the group B (P<0.01).Percentage of prosthetic dislocation and prosthetic loosening of the group A was significantly lower than that of the group B (P<0.01),rate of postoperative joint pain was significantly higher than that of the group B (P<0.01),and percentage of patients who could walk immediately after getting up was significantly lower than that of the group B(P<0.01).ConclusionFemoral head replacement is suitable for elderly patients who have poor tolerance of treatment and low demand for functional recovery after operation.
【Key words】artificial total hip replacement;femoral head replacement;the elderly;femoral neck fracture
隨著我國人口老齡化的發(fā)展,老年性疾病的發(fā)生率顯著升高,其中老年患者發(fā)生股骨頸骨折的人數(shù)亦同時(shí)增加[1]。老年人群發(fā)生股骨頸骨折的主要原因有兩方面,首先是因?yàn)楣琴|(zhì)疏松,尤其是絕經(jīng)后的老年女性,其骨密度和性激素顯著下降;其次是因?yàn)轶y關(guān)節(jié)周圍的肌群出現(xiàn)老年性退行性改變,肌張力明顯降低,對(duì)于較為劇烈的外力難以起到有效的抵抗作用[2]。老年人發(fā)生股骨頸骨折,往往合并有骨質(zhì)疏松,營養(yǎng)不良以及免疫力低下等老年性改變,加上機(jī)體合并的多種內(nèi)科疾病以及長期臥床而引發(fā)的多種并發(fā)癥,如不及時(shí)治療,將嚴(yán)重影響患者生活質(zhì)量甚至威脅患者生命安全[3]。目前,常用于治療股骨頸骨折的手術(shù)方法有人工髖關(guān)節(jié)置換以及單純的股骨頭置換術(shù),其治療老年股骨頸骨折各有利弊,本研究主要探討人工全髖關(guān)節(jié)置換與人工股骨頭置換治療老年股骨頸骨折的臨床療效,現(xiàn)報(bào)告如下! 1資料與方法1.1一般資料選擇2010年1月至2013年1月我院收治的股骨頸骨折患者80例,所有患者均經(jīng)臨床確診,按照隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為兩組。A組40例,男15例,女25例,年齡60~88歲,平均(71.8±5.1)歲,陳舊性骨折19例,新鮮骨折21例,左側(cè)16例,右側(cè)24例,致傷原因:跌傷28例,交通損傷10例,壓傷2例,移位程度:GardenⅢ型21例,Garden Ⅳ型19例。B組40例,男16例,女24例,年齡60~87歲,平均(71.8±5.2)歲,陳舊性骨 本文由WwW. zgazxxw.com提供,畢業(yè)論文 網(wǎng)專業(yè)代寫教育教學(xué)論文和畢業(yè)論文以及發(fā)表論文服務(wù),歡迎光臨zgazxxw.com折20例,新鮮骨折20例,左側(cè)15例,右側(cè)25例,致傷原因:跌傷29例,交通損傷10例,壓傷1例,移位程度:GardenⅢ型22例,Garden Ⅳ型18例。所有患者術(shù)前均簽署手術(shù)同意書及麻醉同意書,并申報(bào)醫(yī)院倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn)同意。兩組患者的年齡、骨折時(shí)間、骨折部位及移位程度、致傷原因等比較差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。
1.2手術(shù)方法
1.2.1A組(股骨頭置換)手術(shù)方法選擇腰硬聯(lián)合麻醉完成手術(shù),術(shù)中取健側(cè)臥位,于股骨大轉(zhuǎn)子中心點(diǎn)后緣外側(cè)入路行長約10 cm切口,逐層分離皮膚、皮下組織、筋膜層,分離肌肉,切開髖關(guān)節(jié)關(guān)節(jié)囊直至暴露骨折部位。采用股骨頭取出器將離斷股骨頭取出,使用擺鋸將股骨頸殘端進(jìn)行整形,保留股骨頸的短骨距離約1.0 cm,適當(dāng)對(duì)股骨上骨髓腔隙進(jìn)行擴(kuò)髓處理后安裝合適大小人工股骨頭柄與金屬頭,將金屬頭置入髖臼內(nèi)后行C型臂透視,明確復(fù)位后,縫合傷口。
1.2.2B組(全髖置換)手術(shù)方法 選擇腰硬聯(lián)合麻醉完成手術(shù),術(shù)中取健側(cè)臥位,并采用與A組相同的方法暴露骨折部位,取出股骨頭后對(duì)髖臼進(jìn)行清理,并采用髖臼銼由小至大磨平髖臼的軟骨面,觀察髖臼軟骨下骨板,一旦出現(xiàn)點(diǎn)狀滲血后,測定患肢前傾與外展角度,置入合適大小人工髖臼并固定,之后采用與A組相同的方式處理股骨頸殘端,并置入人工金屬頭。
1.3觀察指標(biāo)比較兩組患者圍術(shù)期相關(guān)情況,